Ozonolysis of cyclododecene

Ozonolysis of cyclododecene was carried out to produce an w-formyl carboxylic acid (12-oxododecanoic acid) which is derived from zwitterion and aldehyde moiety that are formed during the reaction. The ozonolysis was performed to examine the product distribution under such reaction variables as temperature, kinds of solvent, and presence of catalyst. The yield of polymeric ozonide, which is undesirable product, was measured to be dominantly 86% without pyridine catalyst, whereas, only 10.25% with the catalyst. The optimum reaction condition was to be in MC (methylene chloride) solvent, and in the presence of equimolar olefin and pyridine catalyst at O°C, at which the yields of polymeric ozonide, 1,12-dodecanedialdehyde, 1,12-dodecanedicarboxylic acid, and 12-oxo-dodecanoic acid were 10.25%, 26.72%, 26.31%, and 36.72%, respectively.     

Parallel Training of An Improved Neural Network for Text Categorization

This paper studies parallel training of an improved neural network for text categorization. With the explosive growth on the amount of digital information available on the Internet, text categorization problem has become more and more important, especially when millions of mobile devices are now connecting to the Internet. Improved back-propagation neural network (IBPNN) is an efficient approach for classification problems which overcomes the limitations of traditional BPNN. In this paper, we utilize parallel computing to speedup the neural network training process of IBPNN. The parallel IBNPP algorithm for text categorization is implemented on a Sun Cluster with 34 nodes (processors). The communication time and speedup for the parallel IBPNN versus various number of nodes are studied. Experiments are conducted on various data sets and the results show that the parallel IBPNN together with SVD technique achieves fast computational speed and high text categorization correctness.     

壬基酚同分异构体生物降解性与其结构相关性

为分析壬基酚在环境中的积累行为,基于间歇活性污泥实验和质谱解析方法,结合环境水体中NP检测分析,研究了污水生物处理过程中壬基酚同分异构体的生物降解差异与壬基分支结构的相关性.结果表明,生物处理出水和活性污泥中有3种壬基酚异构体残留量显著高于其他异构体,生物降解性较差;壬基酚异构体的生物降解性与其壬基取代基的链长、支链大小和数目具有相关性.由于壬基取代基的分支程度差异,活性污泥对壬基酚不同异构体的降解具有选择性,壬基取代基的支链长、数量多时不利于生物降解,容易在环境中积累.     

Effect of the matrix crystallinity on the percolation threshold and dielectric behavior in percolative composites

Through the use of polyethylenes with different crystallinities as matrices, the effects of the matrix crystallinity on the percolation threshold and dielectric behavior of percolative composites have been investigated. The results suggest that the percolation threshold is negatively related to the matrix crystallinity, whereas the enhancement of the dielectric constant is positively related to the matrix crystallinity. A two‐dimensional diagram is proposed to illustrate such relationships. In addition, it has been found that the insulator–conductor transition is much flatter in low‐crystallinity‐matrix‐based composites, and this may be favorable for preparing threshold composites with a high dielectric constant and a low loss tangent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Preparation of nanosize Pt clusters using ion exchange of Pt(NH3) 4 2+ inside mesoporous channel of MCM-41

Mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 with a Si/Al ratio of 35 was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis using a gel mixture with a molar composition of 6 SiO₂0.1 Al₂O₃1 hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride 0.25 dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide 0.25 tetrapropylammonium bromide0.15 (NH₄)₂O1.5 Na₂O300 H₂O. The MCM-41 sample was calcined in O₂ flow at 813 K and subsequently ion exchanged with Ca²⁺. A small Pt cluster has been supported on the MCM-41 sample following a procedure using ion exchange of Pt(NH₃) ₄ ²⁺ . The Pt(NH₃) ₄ ²⁺ ion supported on MCM-41 has been activated in O₂ flow at 593 K and subsequently reduced with Fh flow at 573 K, in the same way used for the preparation of a Pt cluster entrapped inside the supercage of zeolite NaY. The resulting Pt cluster supported on the MCM-41 shows hydrogen chemisorption oftotal two H atoms per Pt at 296 K (based on the total amount of Pt) and high catalytic activity for hydrogenolysis of ethane. The chemical shift in¹²⁹Xe NMR spectroscopy of adsorbed xenon indicates that the Pt cluster is located inside the mesoporous molecular sieve.     

利用电阻探针对石油设备及管道的腐蚀进行监测

从1998年起，国内石油炼制行业开始大量炼制进口高硫原油，油气管道的腐蚀问题受到了重视。介绍了电阻探针腐蚀监测系统的原理及组成。并针对油气管道，实施了在线监测，安装了6组腐蚀电阻探针，分析了测量结果，为今后防腐工作提供了依据。     

New phenothiazine-containing monomers and polymers

Summary Three new phenothiazine-containing electrono-donor monomers: methacryloyl-2-hydroxyethyl-2-(N-phenothiazinyl)propionate (i) acryloyl-2-hydroxyethyl-2-(N-phenothiazinyl) propionate (ii) and 2-(N-phenothiazinyl) propionic acid vinyl ester (iii) were synthesized and radically polymerized. The ionization potentials of poly(i), poly(iii) and of the model for the structural unit of the acrylic polymers: acetyl-2-hydroxyethyl-2-(N-phenothiazinyl) propionate determined with two small acceptors were discussed in terms of sterical hindrances.     

关于自适应非线性镇定的某些结果

不确定非线性系统的反馈控制一直是控制科学的中心问题之一,迄今已经取得很大进展。然而,目前现有大部分工作所研究的反馈控制规律,或是连续时间形式的,或是采样反馈形式但需要采样频率充分快,或是离散时间反馈形式,但需要被控离散时间系统的非线性函数增长速度不超过线性。要消除或减弱这些约束条件,一般来讲是相当困难的。这就促使我们探究反馈机制的最大能力和根本局限。尽管近年来在这个方向有许多重要进展,但仍有许多非平凡的重要问题有待研究。例如,在反馈通道中有时滞情形,或者系统状态是高维的情形。在本文中,我们将探索两类比较特殊的离散时间不确定非线性动力系统的控制问题,给出关于全局自适应反馈镇定的某些初步结果。     

基于改进的BP神经网络入侵检测方法研究

针对遗传算法局部搜索能力弱和收敛速度慢,在选择操作之后加上了禁忌搜索算法,并对交叉操作进行改进,最后用禁忌搜索作为变异操作,从而加快算法的收敛速度,并用此改进的遗传算法来优化BP神经网络的权值。实验证明,采用该方法优化BP神经网络权值,能克服BP神经网络收敛速度慢、局部极小问题。     

多传感器集中式增量卡尔曼滤波融合算法

在单个传感器的状态估计系统中,标准的增量卡尔曼滤波方法可以有效消除量测系统误差。对于多传感器情况,标准算法失效。针对该问题,提出了多传感器集中式增量卡尔曼滤波融合算法,即:增量卡尔曼滤波的扩维融合算法和增量卡尔曼滤波的序贯融合算法。在标准增量卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上,结合扩维融合和序贯融合的思想来实现多传感器数据的融合。实验结果表明,当存在量测系统误差时,提出的集中式融合算法与传统的集中式融合算法相比,提高了滤波精度,并且能够成功地消除量测系统误差。